Igipimo cyo kwinjiza cy’amakuru cya capacitors za filime kivuga iki? Ese uko ari nto, ni ko birushaho kuba byiza?

Mbere yo kwerekana uburyo capacitors za filime zifata ingufu, reka turebe icyo dielectric ari cyo, polarisation ya dielectric n'uburyo capacitor ifata ingufu.

Dielectrique

Dielectric ni ikintu kidatwara amashanyarazi, ni ukuvuga insulator, kidafite charge y'imbere ishobora kugenda. Iyo dielectric ishyizwe mu murima w'amashanyarazi, electron na nuclei bya atome za dielectric bikora "microscopic relative displacement" mu rugero rwa atome munsi y'ibikorwa by'imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, ariko ntabwo bikora "macroscopic movement" kure ya atome aho biherereye, nk'uko electron zigenga ziri mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Iyo electron zigeze ku rugero rw'amashanyarazi, imbaraga z'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ziba muri dielectric ntabwo ziba zeru. Iri ni ryo tandukaniro rikomeye riri hagati y'imiterere y'amashanyarazi ya dielectric na conductors.

Polarization ya Dielectric

Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umurima w'amashanyarazi ukoreshwa, akanya ka dipole ka macroscopic kagaragara imbere muri dielectric mu cyerekezo cy'umurima w'amashanyarazi, kandi umuriro uhambiriye ukagaragara ku buso bwa dielectric, ari bwo polarisation ya dielectric.

Ikibazo cyo kwinjiza

ikintu cyo gutinda mu gihe cyo gusharija no gusohora capacitor giterwa no guhindagurika buhoro kwa dielectric bitewe n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi akoreshwa. Ubwumvikano busanzwe ni uko capacitor isabwa gusharija byuzuye ako kanya, ariko ntiyuzuzwe ako kanya; capacitor isabwa kurekura charge burundu, ariko ntirekurwe, maze ikintu cyo gutinda mu gihe kibaho.

Igipimo cyo kwinjiza icyuma cya filime

Agaciro gakoreshwa mu gusobanura uburyo capacitors za filime zifata dielectric mu gufata dielectric kitwa coefficient yo gufata dielectric, kandi kavugwa na Ka. Ingaruka zo gufata dielectric mu gufata dielectric mu gufata dielectric zigena imiterere y’inshuro nke za capacitors, kandi agaciro ka Ka gatandukanye cyane kuri capacitors za dielectric zitandukanye. Ibisubizo byo gupima biratandukanye ku gihe gitandukanye cy’igeragezwa rya capacitors imwe; agaciro ka Ka kandi karatandukanye kuri capacitors zifite imiterere imwe, abakora batandukanye, n’amatsinda atandukanye.

Noneho hari ibibazo bibiri ubu-

Q1. Ese coefficient yo kwinjiza ya capacitors za filime ni ntoya cyane bishoboka?

Q2. Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zo gukoresha coefficient nini yo kwinjiza umwuka?

A1:

Mu gihe cy’imikorere y’umurima w’amashanyarazi ukoreshwa: Ka ntoya (coefficient ntoya yo kwinjiza) → uko polarization ya dielectric (ni ukuvuga insulator) igabanuka → uko imbaraga zo gufata ku buso bwa dielectric zigabanuka → ni ko imbaraga zo gufata ku buso bwa dielectric zigabanuka ku gukurura amashanyarazi → ni ko capacitor igabanuka → capacitor irushaho gushyuha kandi igasohora vuba. Imiterere ikwiye: Ka ni 0, ni ukuvuga coefficient yo gufata ni 0, dielectric (ni ukuvuga insulator) nta kintu cyo gufata ku buso bw’amashanyarazi gikoreshwa, ubuso bwa dielectric nta mbaraga zo gufata ku gusharija, kandi capacitor charge n’igisubizo cyo gusohora nta hysteresis. Kubwibyo, coefficient yo gufata ku buso bwa filime ni ntoya niko irushaho kuba nziza.

A2:

Ingaruka za capacitor ifite agaciro ka Ka ka kanini cyane ku miyoboro itandukanye zigaragara mu buryo butandukanye, nk'uko bikurikira.

1) Imirongo itandukanye ihinduka imiyoboro ifatanye

2) Umuyoboro w'amazi utuma amazi asubira inyuma cyane, bityo umuyoboro ntushobora gukira vuba.

3) Ibipimo, imigozi, uburyo bwo kugabanya umuvuduko w'amajwi

4) Igihe gihoraho cya filter yoroshya frequency iri hasi cyane kiba kinini

(5) Akadomo ka DC amplifier karahungabanye, inzira imwe irahindagurika

6） Ubuziranenge bw'urukiramende rw'ingero n'urufata ruragabanuka

7) Uburyo DC ikora amplifier ikora neza (linear amplifier) ​​ihinduka

8) Ubwiyongere bw'ingufu mu muyoboro w'amashanyarazi

Imikorere yose yavuzwe haruguru y’ingaruka zo kwinjiza dielectric ntabwo itandukaniye n’ishingiro rya "inertia" ya capacitor, ni ukuvuga ko mu gihe cyagenwe, gusharija ntibishyuzwa ku giciro cyitezwe, kandi no kureka gusohora nabyo ni uko bimeze.

Ubudahangarwa bw'amashanyarazi (cyangwa umuyoboro w'amazi usohoka) bwa capacitor ifite agaciro ka Ka ka kanini butandukanye n'ubwa capacitor ikwiye (Ka = 0) kuko bwiyongera uko igihe cy'igeragezwa kigenda kirekire (umuyoboro w'amazi usohoka uragabanuka). Igihe cy'igerageza cy'ubu cyavuzwe mu Bushinwa ni umunota umwe.