1. Igipimo cy'isoko
Ubushobozi bwa firime bivuga ubushobozi bwa firime ya elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike nka dielectrics.Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora electrode, irashobora kugabanywamo ubushobozi bwa firime capacitorand hamwe na capacitori ya firime.Ukurikije imiterere nuburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya, igabanijwe muburyo bwo guhinduranya, ubwoko bwa laminated, ubwoko bwa inductive nubwoko butavangura.Ukurikije ubwoko bwubu, burashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: ubushobozi bwa firime ya DC na AC.
Kugeza ubu, inganda za capacitori zinjira mugihe cyiterambere rihamye kuva a
igihe cyo gukura byihuse, nimbaraga nshya kandi zishaje kinetic yinganda ziri muri
icyiciro cyinzibacyuho.
Inkomoko: Byakozwe na Zhiyan Consulting
2. Porogaramu yo hasi
Imashini za firime, hamwe nibikorwa byiza, zikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinshi nkibikoresho byo murugo, itumanaho, imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, inzibacyuho ya gari ya moshi, kugenzura inganda, gucana ningufu nshya (Photovoltaque, ingufu z'umuyaga, imodoka).Nibintu byibanze bya elegitoroniki, bikoreshwa hafi ya sisitemu zose za elegitoroniki.
●Umwanya mushya wimodoka
Mu myaka yashize, politiki iriho mu bijyanye n’imodoka nshya y’ingufu zagaragaye nyuma y’izindi, kandi imijyi myinshi yarateranye kandi itangaza politiki iboneye yo guteza imbere ingufu zikoreshwa ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, amaherezo zikazatera imbaraga za firime zikomeye.Dukurikije imibare yaturutse mu ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, mu 2020, umusaruro w’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu Bushinwa uzaba miliyoni 1.366, naho ibicuruzwa bizaba miliyoni 1.367.Mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, Ubushinwa bushya bw’ibinyabiziga bitanga ingufu zingana na miliyoni 1.215, naho kugurisha byari miliyoni 1.206.
Inkomoko: Yakozwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda, Zhiyan Consulting.
Ubushobozi bwa firime nubushobozi bukoreshwa muri DC muyunguruzi.Kuberako ifite ibyiza byubuzima burebure hamwe nubushyuhe bwiza buhagaze ugereranije na capacator gakondo, birakwiriye cyane gushungura inverter DC kuyungurura mumodoka nshya.Nkuko ikoreshwa rya capacitori ya firime mubinyabiziga bivangavanze byamenyekanye nisoko, ubushobozi bwa firime nabwo bwakoreshejwe cyane mumasoko mashya yimodoka zingufu nkibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Ubwiyongere bukomeje kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byazanye umwanya munini witerambere ryisoko kubushobozi bwa firime.Niba hakenewe imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi mashya zifite ingufu ni ibice 1.5 kuri buri gice kandi igiciro cyacyo kikaba 450 Yuu kuri buri gice, ingano yisoko ya capacator za firime mumashanyarazi mashya y’ingufu mu Bushinwa mu 2020 izaba hafi miliyoni 922.
Inkomoko: Byakozwe na Zhiyan Consulting
●Umuyaga w'amashanyarazi
Imashini zikoresha firime zikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yumuyaga hamwe na fotora ya fotora kubera imbaraga zayo, imbaraga za voltage nyinshi, nubuzima burebure.
Nka bumwe mu buryo bw'ingenzi bwo kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye, kubyara amashanyarazi ni bwo buryo bukuze bwo kubyara amashanyarazi mu buryo bushya bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye, bityo bukaba bwarakoreshejwe cyane mu gihugu cyanjye.
Umuyaga w’umuyaga hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kongera ingufu zikomeza ingufu zikomeje gutera imbere, ibiciro bikomeza kugabanuka, imikorere y’ubukungu iratera imbere ku buryo bugaragara, kandi hari umwanya munini w’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza.Muri 2020, ingufu nshya zashyizwemo ingufu z'umuyaga w'Ubushinwa ziziyongera 178.4% umwaka ushize, naho ubushobozi bushya buzagera kuri kilowati miliyoni 71.67.Mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, Ubushinwa bushya bwashyizwemo ingufu z'umuyaga buzaba miliyoni 10.84 kilowat.
Inkomoko: Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu, Ubujyanama bwa Zhiyan
Nk’uko bigaragazwa na "2021-2027 Ubushinwa Filime Yubushobozi Bw’inganda Itezimbere Ubushakashatsi n’ishoramari Prospect Analysis Report" yashyizwe ahagaragara na Zhiyan Consulting, niba igiciro cy’ibikoresho bya firime mu mashanyarazi y’umuyaga ari 25.000-27.000 Yuan / MW, ingano y’isoko rya firime imashanyarazi mu muriro w'amashanyarazi mu mwaka wa 2019 izaba miliyoni 669, naho isoko ry’imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa mu mwaka wa 2020 ni miliyari 1.792.
Inkomoko: Byakozwe na Zhiyan Consulting
●Umuriro w'amashanyarazi
Nubwoko bushya bwingufu, ingufu za Photovoltaque zashimishije ibihugu byinshi.Amashanyarazi menshi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba hamwe n'ubutare bwa silicon bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere inganda zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba mu gihugu cyanjye.
Ibyiza bidasanzwe nko kugabanya ibiciro no guhinduka byafashije ifoto y’amashanyarazi guhinduka ihitamo ryubwoko bushya bwo kubyaza ingufu ingufu zatewe nigitero cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere.Muri 2020, Ubushinwa buherutse gushyirwaho amashanyarazi afite ingufu zingana na miliyoni 48.2, naho mu gice cya mbere cya 2021, Ubushinwa bushya bwashyizwemo amashanyarazi ni miliyoni 13.01.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-20-2022