Capacitor ni igice kibika umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Ihame ryo kubika ingufu rya capacitor rusange na ultra capacitor (EDLC) ni rimwe, byombi bibika umuriro mu buryo bwa electrostatic field, ariko super capacitor ikwiriye cyane mu kurekura no kubika ingufu vuba, cyane cyane ku kugenzura ingufu neza no gukoresha ibikoresho byihuse.
Reka turebere hamwe capacitors zisanzwe zizwi nka super capacitors hano hepfo.
| Ibintu byo kugereranya | Umuyoboro usanzwe w'amashanyarazi | Supercapacitor |
| Incamake | Capacitor isanzwe ni dielectric ikoresha amashanyarazi adahindagurika, ishobora kugira amashanyarazi ahoraho kandi ikoreshwa cyane. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. | Supercapacitor, izwi kandi nka electrochemical capacitor, double layer capacitor, gold capacitor, Faraday capacitor, ni electrochemical element yashinzwe kuva mu myaka ya 1970 na 1980 kugira ngo ikomeze kubika ingufu binyuze mu gutandukanya electrolyte. |
| Ubwubatsi | Capacitor isanzwe igizwe n'ibyuma bibiri (electrodes) byegeranye cyane ariko bitagize aho bihurira, hamwe na dielectric irinda ubushyuhe hagati. | Supercapacitor igizwe na electrode, electrolyte (irimo umunyu wa electrolyte), n'icyuma gitandukanya (kibuza kwegerana hagati ya electrode nziza na mbi). Ama-electrode atwikiriwe na karubone ikora, ifite utwenge duto ku buso bwayo kugira ngo yongere ubuso bw'ama-electrode kandi ikomeze kuzigama amashanyarazi menshi. |
| Ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi | Okiside ya aluminiyumu, filime za polymer cyangwa ceramics bikoreshwa nk'ibinyabutabire hagati ya electrode muri capacitors. | Supercapacitor ntabwo ifite dielectric. Ahubwo, ikoresha amashanyarazi afite urwego rubiri rugizwe n'ikintu gikomeye (electrode) n'amazi (electrolyte) aho gukoresha dielectric. |
| Ihame ry'imikorere | Ihame ry'imikorere ya capacitor ni uko umuriro uzamurwa n'imbaraga ziri mu murima w'amashanyarazi, iyo hari dielectric hagati y'abayobora, bibangamira umuvuduko w'umuriro kandi bigatuma umuriro wiyongera kuri conductor, bigatuma ububiko bw'umuriro bwiyongera. | Ku rundi ruhande, Supercapacitors zigira ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru binyuze mu gutandukanya electrolyte ndetse no gukoresha redox pseudo-capacitive charges. Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za supercapacitors bushobora gusubizwa inyuma nta ngaruka za shimi, bityo bushobora kongera gushyushwa inshuro nyinshi no gusohoka inshuro amagana n'ibihumbi. |
| Ubushobozi | Ubushobozi buke. Ubushobozi rusange bwo gupima ikirere buri hagati ya pF nke na μF ibihumbi byinshi. | Ubushobozi bunini. Ubushobozi bwa supercapacitor ni bunini cyane ku buryo bushobora gukoreshwa nk'ibati. Ubushobozi bwa supercapacitor buterwa n'intera iri hagati ya electrodes n'ubuso bwa electrodes. Kubwibyo, electrodes zitwikiriwe na activated carbon kugira ngo zongere ubuso kugira ngo zigere ku bushobozi bwo hejuru. |
| Ubucucike bw'ingufu | Hasi | Hejuru |
| Ingufu zihariye | <0.1 Wh/kg | Wh 1-10/kg |
| Ingufu zihariye | 100,000+ Wh/kg | 10,000+ Wh/kg |
| Igihe cyo gushyushya/gusohora | Igihe cyo gusharija no gusohora umuriro cya capacitors zisanzwe ubusanzwe ni amasegonda 103-106. | Ultracapacitors zishobora gutanga charge vuba kurusha bateri, mu buryo bwihuse nk'amasegonda 10, kandi zigabika charge nyinshi kuri buri ngano kurusha capacitors zisanzwe. Niyo mpamvu bifatwa hagati ya bateri na capacitors za electrolytic. |
| Igihe cyo gushyushya/gusohora umuriro | Mgufi | Ndera (muri rusange 100.000+, kugeza kuri miliyoni 1, imyaka irenga 10 yo gukoreshwa) |
| Uburyo bwo gusharija/gusohora umuriro neza | >95% | 85%-98% |
| Ubushyuhe bwo gukora | Ubushyuhe -20 kugeza 70℃ | -40 kugeza kuri 70℃ (Imiterere myiza y'ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane n'ubushyuhe bwinshi) |
| Voltage ifite amanota | Hejuru | Hasi (ubusanzwe 2.5V) |
| Ikiguzi | Hasi | Hejuru |
| Akamaro | Igihombo gito Ubucucike bwinshi mu guhuza Igenzura ry'ingufu rikora kandi rikora neza | Igihe kirekire cyo kubaho Ubushobozi bwo hejuru cyane Gushyushya vuba no gusohora igihe Umuvuduko mwinshi w'amashanyarazi Ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukora |
| Porogaramu | ▶Ingufu zisohoka neza; ▶Gukosora Ingufu z'Ingufu (PFC); ▶Imashini ziyungurura inshuro nyinshi, iziyungurura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, iziyungurura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse; ▶Guhuza no gutandukanya ibimenyetso; ▶Ibyuma bitangira moteri; ▶Ibikoresho bikingira urusaku (ibirinda urusaku n'ibiyungurura urusaku); ▶Ibikoresho byo gukurura umwuka. | ▶Imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, gari ya moshi n'izindi porogaramu zo gutwara abantu; ▶Ingufu zidashobora gucika burundu (UPS), zisimbura amabanki ya capacitor y'amashanyarazi; ▶Ingufu zitangwa na telefoni zigendanwa, mudasobwa zigendanwa, ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu ntoki, nibindi; ▶Siruvisi zikoresha amashanyarazi zishobora kongera gusharijwa zishobora gusharijwa neza mu minota mike; ▶Sisitemu z'amatara yihutirwa n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bikoresha ingufu nyinshi; ▶IC, RAM, CMOS, amasaha na mudasobwa ntoya, nibindi. |
Niba ufite icyo wongeraho cyangwa ibindi bitekerezo, nyamuneka tuganireho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-22-2021