Akamaro gakomeye ka capacitors za organometallic film ni uko zivura ubwazo, ibyo bigatuma izi capacitors ziba zimwe muri capacitors zikurura vuba muri iki gihe.

Hari uburyo bubiri butandukanye bwo kwivura bwa capacitors za filime zakozwe mu byuma: bumwe ni ukwivura bwa discharge; ubundi ni ukwivura bwa electrochemical. Ubwa mbere bubaho ku muvuduko mwinshi, bityo nanone bwitwa kwivura bwa volteji nyinshi; kubera ko ubwa kabiri bubaho ku muvuduko muto cyane, akenshi bwitwa kwivura bwa volteji nke.

Kwikiza indwara yo kwiyahura

Kugira ngo dusobanure uburyo bwo kwivura burundu, tekereza ko hari inenge iri muri filime y’umwimerere hagati ya electrode ebyiri zakozwe mu byuma zifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana na R. Bitewe n’imiterere y’iyo nenge, ishobora kuba inenge y’icyuma, semiconductor cyangwa inenge idashyushye neza. Birumvikana ko iyo nenge ari imwe mu za mbere, capacitor izaba yikuyemo ku muvuduko muke. Ni muri urwo rubanza gusa aho iyo nenge yitwa high voltage discharge yikiza ubwayo.

Uburyo bwo kwikiza burundu ni uko nyuma yo gushyira voltage V kuri capacitor ya filime ya metali, umuyoboro wa ohmic I=V/R unyura muri iyo defect. Kubwibyo, ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi J=V/Rπr2 bunyura muri electrode ya metali, ni ukuvuga, uko agace kegereye iyo defect (r ntoya) kandi ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi bwayo bukaba buri hejuru muri electrode ya metali. Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwa Joule buterwa n'ikoreshwa ry'imbaraga za defect W=(V2/R)r), resistance R ya semiconductor cyangwa defect insulating igabanuka cyane. Kubwibyo, amashanyarazi I n'ikoreshwa ry'imbaraga W byiyongera cyane, kubera iyo mpamvu, ubucucike bw'amashanyarazi J1= J=V/πr12 buzamuka cyane mu gace aho electrode ya metali yegereye cyane iyo defect, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo bwa Joule bushobora gushonga urwego rwa metali muri ako gace, bigatuma uruziga ruri hagati ya electrode ruguruka hano. Arc ihita ihinduka imyuka ikajugunya icyuma cyashongeshejwe, igakora agace karinzwe kadafite urwego rw'icyuma. Arc irazimwa kandi kwikiza ubwayo biragerwaho.

Bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwa Joule n'umurambararo biva mu nzira yo kwikiza, dielectric ikikije inenge n'agace gakingira ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bwa dielectric byangirika byanze bikunze bitewe n'ubushyuhe n'amashanyarazi, bityo hakavuka ihindagurika rya shimi, gaze na carbone, ndetse no kwangirika kwa mashini.

Dukurikije ibyavuzwe haruguru, kugira ngo haboneke uburyo bwo kwikiza burundu, ni ngombwa kwemeza ko hari ibidukikije bikwiye hafi y’aho ikibazo kiri, bityo igishushanyo mbonera cya capacitor ya filime y’umwimerere igomba kunozwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bukwiye bwo kwikiza burundu ikibazo, ubugari bukwiye bw’urwego rwa filime y’icyuma, ibidukikije bifite umwuka utagira ikirere, hamwe n’imbaraga n’ubushobozi bukwiye. Icyo bita uburyo bwo kwikiza burundu ni: igihe cyo kwikiza burundu ni gito cyane, ingufu zo kwikiza ubwazo ni nto, ni ugutandukanya neza inenge, nta kwangirika kwa dielectric ikikije. Kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo kwikiza burundu, molekile za filime y’umwimerere zigomba kuba zirimo igipimo gito cya karuboni na atome za hydrogen hamwe n’umubare uri hagati wa ogisijeni, ku buryo iyo molekile za filime zipfuye mu buryo bwo kwikiza burundu, nta karuboni ikorwa kandi nta gasongero ka karuboni kabaho kugira ngo hirindwe ishyirwaho ry’inzira nshya ziyobora umwuka, ahubwo hakorwa CO2, CO, CH4, C2H2 n’izindi gazi kugira ngo zizimye arc hamwe n’izamuka rikomeye rya gaze.
Kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ko icyuma gikikije inenge kitangirika mu gihe cyo kwivura, ingufu zo kwivura ntizigomba kuba nini cyane, ariko nanone ntizigomba kuba nto cyane, kugira ngo hakurweho urwego rw'icyuma rukikije inenge, hakorwe agace k'ubushyuhe (ubudahangarwa bukomeye), inenge izakurwaho, kugira ngo ishobore kwivura ubwayo. Birumvikana ko ingufu zikenewe zo kwivura zifitanye isano rya hafi n'icyuma cy'urwego rw'icyuma, ubunini, n'ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo tugabanye imbaraga zo kwivura no kugera ku kwivura neza, hakorwa ibyuma bya firime organic bifite ibyuma bike bishongesha. Byongeye kandi, urwego rw'icyuma ntirugomba kuba rufite ubunini kandi ruto, cyane cyane kugira ngo hirindwe gushwanyagurika, bitabaye ibyo, agace k'ubushyuhe kazaba nk'amashami kandi ntikabone kwivura neza. Capacitors za CRE zose zikoresha firime zisanzwe, kandi icyarimwe zigenzura ibikoresho byinjira, zigafunga firime zifite inenge ku muryango, kugira ngo ubuziranenge bwa firime za capacitor bube bwemejwe neza.

Uretse kwikiza indwara, hari n'indi, ari yo kwikiza indwara hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi. Reka tuganire kuri ubu buryo mu nkuru ikurikira.